Energy, Exercise, and Mitochondria

Did you know that the more you exercise, the more mitochondria your cells produce that make energy? In fact, doing more exercise for mitochondria is a great idea. Mitochondria are critical organelles found inside cells that are known as the cell’s powerhouses because they produce energy in the form of ATP. In fact, skeletal muscle mitochondria typically form large networks that allow rapid interconnections and changes in response to cellular energetic needs. Some of these changes include mitochondrial fusion and mitochondrial biogenesis (newly formed organelles)¹.

Unfortunately, many older adults have decreased mitochondrial and muscle function. In fact, aging is associated with a 25-30% loss in mitochondrial functional capacity between the ages of 30 to 70 years. Mitochondrial dysfunction seems to be closely associated with the loss of skeletal muscle mass during aging². However, exercise can stimulate the restoration of mitochondrial metabolism during aging, and aerobic exercise is especially important for the stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis³.

Proprietary Blend Helps Mitochondria

Proprietary Blend found in Pinnaclife^® EnergyBoost includes many ingredients that help protect and stimulate mitochondria such as the beneficial olive polyphenols, hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein, as well as N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and taurine. Hydroxytyrosol has been shown to improve mitochondrial function and prevent or ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction, and it has also been found to promote mitochondrial biogenesis^4-8. Oleuropein improves mitochondrial function and induce mitochondrial biogenesis^9,10, and taurine has been shown to protect mitochondria from swelling and membrane damage¹¹.

In addition, NAC has been shown to protect mitochondrial activities, and studies have shown that caffeine (found in EnergyBoost) improves mitochondrial functions¹⁵. Caffeine was also shown to decrease drug-induced mitochondrial disruption¹⁶. Damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria have been associated with aging and various diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s disease^17,18. Aged, damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria also produce greater amounts of ROS that can lead to oxidative stress¹⁹.

Mitochondria normally produce free radicals known as reactive oxygen species (ROS) during energy metabolism. In fact, when mitochondria are healthy and ROS levels are normal, ROS are important for regulating cellular signaling. Oxidative stress results from the inability of cells to eliminate excess ROS using the natural antioxidant defense system that includes defense enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD). Free radical damage can involve damage to cell membranes, DNA, proteins, lipids, and mitochondria²⁰.

EnergyBoost Includes Antioxidants to Protect Mitochondria

EnergyBoost includes ingredients that have potent antioxidant activities including hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, NAC, taurine, and methylsulfonylmethane (MSM)^21-25. In fact, hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, and NAC have been found to increase the activity of manganese (Mn)SOD that has been shown to protect mitochondria from age-associated abnormalities^26-29. In addition, studies have shown that caffeine has antioxidant activity and it has also been found to increase MnSOD activity^30,31.

Exercise also positively affects the activity and/or expression of a group of enzymes called sirtuins that have been associated with longevity^32,33. Sirtuins (SIRT1-SIRT7) are known to regulate insulin sensitivity, fatty acid oxidation, inflammation, and aging. Increased activity or expression of these enzymes results in improved energy metabolism and increased mitochondrial biogenesis and function. SIRT1 is located in the nucleus of cells but contributes to mitochondrial biogenesis, whereas SIRT3 is located in mitochondria³². In fact, SIRT3 deficiency promotes mitochondrial dysfunction³⁴.

Interestingly, hydroxtyrosol has been shown to prevent oxidative stress-induced cell death through a mechanism that requires SIRT1³⁵. Reduced levels of SIRT1 have been shown to promote an aging-associated phenotype in cells known as senescence³³. Senescent cells are characterized by a loss in their ability to replicate and by increased production and release of inflammatory signaling molecules (cytokines) that contribute to various diseases associated with inflammation including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and osteoarthritis³⁶.

Exercise for Mitochondria and a Healthier Life

Proprietary Blend includes several ingredients that decrease inflammation such as hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, NAC, MSM, and taurine^37-41. Pinnaclife^® EnergyBoost includes Proprietary Blend and natural caffeine to help protect and/or stimulate mitochondria so that you can have more energy to do the things you want to do like exercise for a healthier life. EnergyBoost includes impeccably sourced ingredients that have undergone rigorous scientific review to prove we renew, restore and repair cells.

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